2ⁿᵈ Edition of the Cancer R&D World Conference 2026

Abstract

The occurrence of multiple primary malignancies is rare, with synchronous presentation being even more uncommon. We present a unique case of a 65-year-old female diagnosed with synchronous uterine leiomyosarcoma and pulmonary adenocarcinoma, initially misinterpreted as metastatic disease.

The patient presented with symptoms including foul-smelling vaginal discharge, irregular menses, pedal edema, and chronic cough. Imaging revealed a uterine mass and a suspicious left upper lung lesion. Histopathology and immunohistochemistry confirmed high-grade leiomyosarcoma of the uterus and moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma of the lung. Genetic profiling revealed an EGFR exon 19 deletion in the lung tumor, prompting the initiation of targeted therapy.

Treatment involved systemic chemotherapy with liposomal doxorubicin, surgical resection of the uterine tumor, and radiotherapy for the lung adenocarcinoma. Post-treatment PET-CT imaging indicated partial response in the lung with complete resolution of the uterine lesion. The patient continues to improve clinically under follow-up.

This case emphasizes the importance of meticulous diagnostic evaluation to distinguish synchronous primary tumors from metastatic disease. It also underscores the value of integrating histopathology, molecular diagnostics, and multimodal treatment in the management of complex oncological cases.