2ⁿᵈ Edition of the Cancer R&D World Conference 2026

Abstract

Background: Preoperative carbohydrate loading has been increasingly investigated as a strategy to improve surgical outcomes in oncology patients. Traditionally, prolonged fasting was recommended prior to surgery; however, recent evidence suggests that carbohydrate-rich drinks administered up to two hours before anesthesia induction may reduce perioperative insulin resistance and enhance recovery.

Objective: To evaluate the impact of preoperative carbohydrate loading on clinical outcomes in patients undergoing oncologic surgery.

Methods: A review of randomized controlled trials and observational studies was conducted, focusing on adult cancer patients undergoing elective surgeries. Outcomes assessed included postoperative insulin resistance, length of hospital stay, incidence of postoperative complications, inflammatory response, and patient-reported outcomes such as fatigue and well-being.

Results: Most studies demonstrated that preoperative carbohydrate loading significantly reduces postoperative insulin resistance compared to fasting or placebo. Patients who received carbohydrate drinks showed shorter hospital stays, lower rates of postoperative nausea and vomiting, and improved patient satisfaction. Additionally, some studies reported attenuated inflammatory responses and reduced muscle mass loss, particularly in gastrointestinal and colorectal cancer surgeries. However, evidence remains inconclusive for patients with diabetes and those undergoing emergency procedures.

Conclusion: Preoperative carbohydrate loading appears to be a safe and effective strategy for enhancing recovery in oncology surgery. It contributes to metabolic stability, reduces complications, and improves overall patient outcomes. Further high-quality trials are needed to establish standardized protocols, especially for high-risk subpopulations.

Keywords: carbohydrate loading, oncology surgery, enhanced recovery, insulin resistance, perioperative care